Anne Frank and her sister Margot were born in Frankfurt am Main in Germany and spent the first years of their lives there. Anne and her family were liberal Jews and celebrated most Jewish festivals, living a traditional rather than a strictly religious life. After the NSDAP came to power in January 1933 and in view of the escalating threat faced by Jews living in Germany, the family moved to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. However, the German occupation of the Netherlands in 1940 resulted in the persecution of the Jewish population there, too. This meant that Anne and Margot had to leave their schools in the autumn of 1941 and transfer to the Jewish Lyceum. From May 1942 onwards, all Jews were forced to wear a Jewish star visibly on their clothes. Soon after this measure was introduced, the mass deportations of the Jewish population started. On 5 July 1942, Margot received a summons to report for "participation in labour duty in the east". The following day, the whole family, i.e. Otto and Edith Frank with Anne and Margot, went into hiding in the secret annex.